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Burial Rites
by
The Following Contains:
Just Before
(Ehtezar) and Immediately After Death Salaat-ul-Wahshat
Before
the Death, During the Saqarat ul Mawt
a)
Move the dying person to face Qibla in
such a position that the soles of his/her feet face Qibla. In
other words, if he/she were to sit upright his/her face would face Qibla.
b)
Recite the Shahadah and make him/her repeat it. It should cover Tawhid /Nubuwwat/ Imamat and
make him/her recite dua for Istighfar to ask forgiveness from Allah for his/her
sins.
c)
Recite Surah Yasin, Wassafat, Ayatul Qursi and
other Ayats from the Qur'an to
ease the moments of Saqarat.
After the death
d) Close the eyes and the mouth
of the dead person.
e) Stretch his/her arms along
his/her sides and keep his/her legs straight.
f) Cover his/her body
with a sheet of cloth.
g) Inform his/her Wali or next of kin (if wali is
not present) to come immediately.
h) Recite the Qur'an until the body is taken away for Ghusle Mayyit.
The Wali,
the personal representative appointed by the deceased in his/her will or
next of kin is personally responsible for all the after death rituals.
His prior permission is necessary before any other person(s) can
handle the body.
After Death Rituals
It covers Ghusl/Kafan/Dafan i.e.,
washing, shrouding, and burying. Basically, these are Wajib (obligatory)
acts for all of us but Kifai - Wajibe Kifai,
which means if one or more persons undertake to do, others are absolved.
Else it is wajib on everyone.
Therefore, it is essential
for all of us to know the basics to be able to carry out the rituals
in case of necessity.
Step One:
Clean
the body thoroughly of all najasat (urine,
stool, blood, etc). Use soap with lukewarm water and a pair of gloves.
Step Two:
Make
a niyyat, "I am washing this dead body with SIDR
WATER Wajib Qurbatan IlaLlah" and wash the body with SIDR WATER (water
in which a small quantity (2 handful) of
berry or lotus leaves have been added or its essence squeezed from
a parchment paper).
Step Three:
Make
a niyyat, " I am washing this dead body
with camphor water Wajib Qurbatan IlaLlah".
And wash the body with camphor water in which a little (half handful)
of camphor has been added.
N.B.—Take care in each case that the water does not
become muzaf i.e. does not change in color,
taste or smell.
Step Four:
Make
a niyyat, "I am washing this dead body with clean
water Wajib Qurbatan IlaLlah" and wash the body with clean (tap) water.
After all these Ghusls, the body should be gently dried with a clean
towel.
a.
While giving the Ghusl cover the body with a sheet of cloth or at least
the private parts, changing the cloth after each Ghusl.
b. The method of giving Ghusl is Tartibi -
in sequence, first head and neck, then the right side and finally
the left, the way we ordinarily do our Ghusl.
c. While performing Ghusl recite surah/ayat of
the Qur'an and dua.
d. The person giving Ghusl should belong the same
gender but if not available, a mahram of
the opposite gender can give Ghusl provided
the body is completely covered with a sheet of cloth. Gender is irrelevant
where giving Ghusl to the body of
a child below the age of six (tamiz -
the age of discretion).
e. The person giving Ghusl must know the basic masael relating
to Ghusl Mayyit,
but if Mu'min is not available, a Muslim
will do.
f. To take or give
any remuneration for giving Ghusl is haram. If any remun
eration is paid or taken, Ghusl is Batil ( invalid.).
g. He/she must be paak and with wudhu.
N.B.—The case given here is that of an normal
death. Deaths caused by accidents (bleeding and crushed bodies)
have different methods of Ghusl. In some
cases, it is impossible to wash the body in which case Tayammum is
done. For details, please refer to the Risalah of
your Marjaa. As a general rule, as long
as the body is bleeding do not undertake to start ghusl.
Pack the wound with cotton wool to stop bleeding and then start
the Ghusl.
Second Wajib Act: TAHNIT or HUNUT (Applying
Camphor Powder)
After first wajib act has been completed, the second wajib act is tahnit. This involves applying fresh fragrant camphor powder on seven part of the body which rest on the ground when prostrating doing Sajdah. These are the forehead, the palms of hands, the knees, and the toes. It is wajib / preferable to start tahnit starting with the forehead and ending with the palms. Some camphor may also be applied on the tip of nose and the chest. Keep the niyyat, "I am doing tahnit / hunut on the dead body Wajib Qurbatan IlaLlah" before commencing tahnit. The body should be laid on the Kafan pre arranged systematically to facilitate this process.
The third wajib act is Kafan—Method (Shrouding/Wrapping the Body
with Sheets of cloth)
After the second wajib act has been completed, the third wajib act is Kafan i.e., shrouding or systematically
wrapping the body with three wajib and
several additional mustahab pieces
of cloth.
Wajib Pieces
a) Lungi
(Loin cloth) - it is an apron like loincloth that should
completely cover both the front and back part of the body from the
navel to the ankles.
b) Qamis - (Long
shirt) a piece of cloth similar to a shirt that covers
the body from the shoulders to the below the knees, preferably
to the ankles.
c) Chadar
- (a large piece of cloth) that covers the entire body and long
and wide enough so that the front had parts overla
p and the top and
the bottom parts can be tied with a string.
Mustahab Pieces
The mustahab (recommended)
pieces of Kafan are:
a) Second chadar -
a second piece exactly like the first sheet.
b) Scarf to cover the head
and the neck (for females only); a turban (for male) to cover the
head.
c) Briefs / knickers / shorts
to cover the complete area of the private parts and a belt to tighten
them around the waist, both for male and female.
d) Brassier / seenaband to cover the whole area of the bust or breast
(for female only).
e) Cotton pad sprinkled with
camphor (for females only) for placing around the private parts.
N.B.—All these pieces of cloth are pre arranged systematically
in their proper order in the stated sequence and kept ready on
the floor over a mat so as to facilitate shrouding when the body
is laid on them for Tahnit followed
by shrouding Kafan.
It is Mustahab (recommended)
that:
a) The cloth for "Kafan" should be white.
b) the body should be kept in a position that
the face is towards Qibla while shr
ouding.
c) two fresh twigs of a tree inscribed with Shahadah (Kalma) called Jareedatain wrapped
in cotton wool should be kept under the armpits of both arms before
wrapping the chadar.
d) recite surahs/ayats from
the Qur'an and Istaghfar while
shrouding the body.
P.S. The order in which the pieces of Kafan are systematically arranged
and kept to facilitate wrapping is as follows:
From Bottom to the Top
(arranged before the body is placed)
The wrapping is then done
from the top to the bottom to finally reach the belts to tie up the
whole body after shrouding.
Fourth Wajib Act: Salaatul Mayyit
The next wajib act
is Salaatul Mayyit -
(Namaz-e-Janaza) for a six-year-old child or even lower than
six if the child during his/her life used to pray salaat and
could distinguish good from bad (Mummaiz)
Method:
The body, in a coffin, is
laid before the person(s) praying in congregation, head on the right
side of the congregation and the face towards Qibla. Those praying,
stand close to the coffin in a row(s) stretching along both sides from
the middle of the coffin. Imam stands in front reciting loudly and Mu'mineen follow
the recitation. It is recommended that they all be in (wudhu).
For a female mayyit, Imam stands near
the chest of the mayyit.
The Salaat:
The salaat has
no ruku or sujud.
It is offered in a standing position. There are five Takbirs with
recitations after each Takbir.
There are 5 Takbirs (i.e.
saying Allahu Akbar)
in Namaz-e-Mayyit, which is prayed as follows:
After making Niyyat to
offer the prayers and pronouncing the:
First Takbir one
should say:
Ash hadu an la ilaha illal lah wa ashhadu anna Muhammadan Rasulullah. Ash haduan la ilaha illallahu wahdahu la sharika lah. Wa Ashhadu anna Muhammadan 'abduhu wa Rasuluh, arsalahu bil haqqi bashiran wa nadhiran bayna yada yis sa'ah.
After the 2nd Takbir one should say:
Alla humma salli 'ala Muhammadin wa 'ali Muhammad. Alla humma salli 'ala Muhammadin wa Ali
Muhammad wa barik 'ala Muhammadin wa Ali
Muhammad warham Muhammadan wa
After the 3rd Takbir one should say:
Alla hummaghfir lil mu'minina wal mu'minat. Alla hum maghfir lil mu'minina wal mu'minati wal
After the 4th Takbir he should say:
Alla humma inna hadha 'abduka wabnu 'abdika wabnu amatika nazala bika wa anta
khayru manzulin bihi Alla humma inna la na'lamu minhu illa khayra wa anta a'alamu bihi minna. Alla humma in kana mohsinan fa zid fi ihsanihi wa in
kana musi'an fatajawaz anhu waghfir lahu. Alla hummaj'alhu 'indaka fi a'la'illiyyin wakhluf 'ala ahlihi fil ghabirin warhamhu bi-rahmatika ya ar hamar
If the dead body is that
of a female one should say:
Alla humma inna hazihi 'amatuka wabnatu 'abdika wabnatu amatika nazalat bika wa anta khayra manzulin bihi Alla humma inna la na'lamu minha illa khayra wa anta a'lamu biha minna. Alla humma in kanat mohsinatan fa zid fi ihsaniha wa in kanat musi'atan fatajawaz 'anha waghfir laha. Alla hummaj'al ha 'indaka fi a'la 'illiyin wakhluf 'ala ahliha fil ghabirin warhamha bi-rahmatika ya ar hamar Rahimin.
Thereafter he should pronounce
the 5th Takbir and complete the salaat by
reciting Surah al-Fatiha.
Fifth Wajib
Act - Dafan Burial
After the salaat,
the body should be buried in a Muslim graveyard. It cannot be buried
in non-Muslim graveyard unless a portion of that graveyard has been
specifically reserved for Muslims. If that does not exist, the body
should be sent to a Muslim country for burial. In case that is not
possible, it may be buried in the graveyard of Ahlul Kitab - Christians
/Jews/Zoroastrians. Conversely, a non-Muslim cannot be buried in a
Muslim graveyard.
Method:
The coffin, having been brought
in a graveyard, is placed a short d
istance away from the dug up grave
and moved slowly to the grave by pausing for a few seconds, putting
back on the ground and lifting up again, three times. At the fourth
time, it is finally lowered into the grave with head first and is put
to rest on its right side with the face towards Qibla as a wajib act.
This position should be maintained all that time. A piece of cloth
should be spread over the grave while lowering the body of a female
so that the bystanders should not be able to see and in the absence
of mahram, close relatives
should lower the body in the grave.
After the body has been laid
in the lahad the ties at both ends
of the kafan should be unfastened and some earth should be
put under the cheek of the mayyit.
An earthen pillows should be done up under the head to rest it a little
above the ground.
Talqin is then recited. The
following is the full text of Talqin.
The person reciting the talqin should hold with his right hand the right shoulder
of the dead body and should place his left hand tightly on its left
shoulder and take his mouth near its ear and shaking its shoulders
should say thrice:
Isma' ifham ya .......here
the name of the dead person and his father should be called. For
example, if the name of the dead person is Muhammad and his father's
name 'Ali it should be said thrice: Isma 'ifham ya Muhammad bin 'Ali. And then he should say: Hal anta 'alal 'ahdil lazi farqtana 'alayhi min shahadati an la ilaha illal lahu wahdahu la sharika lah wa anna Muhammadan sallal lahu 'alayhi wa Alihi 'abduhu wa Rasuluhu wa sayyidun nabiyyina wa khatamul mursalina wa anna 'Aliyyan Amirul mu'minina wa sayyidul wasiyyina wa imamu nif taradhallahu ta'tahu 'alal 'alamina wa annal Hasana wal Husayna wa 'Al
iyyabnal Husayni wa Muhammadabna 'Aliyyin wa Ja'farabna Muhammadin wa Musabna Ja'farin wa 'Ali ibne Musa wa Muhammadabna'Aliyyin wa 'Aliyyabna Muhammadin wal Hasanabna 'Aliyyin wal Qa'imal hujjatal Mahdi salawatullahi 'alayhim a'i'mmatul mu'minina wa hujajullahi'alal khalqi ajma'ina wa a'immatuka a'immatu hudan abrar ya ........(here the name of the dead person and his father
should be called) and then the following words sho
uld be said: Iza atakal malakanil muqarraabani Rasulayni min
'indillahi tabaraka wa ta'ala wa sa'alaka 'an Rabbika wa 'an Nabiyyika wa 'an dinika wa 'an Kitabika wa 'an Qiblatika wa 'an A'immatika fala takhaf wa la tahzan wa'qul fi jawabi hima, Allahu Rabbi wa Muhammadun sallal lahu 'alayhi wa Alihi nabiyyi wal Islamu dini wal Qur'anu kitabi wal Ka'batu Qiblati wa Amirul mu'minina 'Aliyybnu Abi Talib imami wal Hasanubnu 'Aliyyi nil Mujtaba imami wal Husaynubnu 'Aliyyi nish-shahidu bi-Karbala imami wa 'Aliyyun Zaynul
'Abidina imami wa Muhammadu nil Baqiru imami wa Ja'faru nis Sadiqu imami wa Musal Kazimu imami wa 'Aliyyu-nir Riza imami
wa Muhammadu nil Jawadu imami wa 'Aliyyu nil
Hadi imami wal Hasanul 'askari imami wal Hujjatul muntazar imami ha ula'i salawatullahi 'alayhim ajma'in A'i'mmati wa sadati wa qadati wa shufa-a'i bihim atawalla wa min a'daihim atabarra'u fid dunya wal akhirati thumma i'lam ya ....... here the name of the dead person and his father
should be called and thereafter it should be said: Annal laha tabaraka wa ta'ala ni'mar-Rabb wa anna Muhammadan sallal lahu 'alayhi wa Alihi ni'mar Rasul wa anna 'Aliyyabna Abi Talib wa awladahul ma'suminal A'i'mmatal ithna 'asharah ni'mal A'i'mmah wa anna ma ja'a bihi Muhammadun sallal lahu 'alayhi wa Alihi haqqun wa annal mawta haqqun wa suwala munkarin wa nakirin fil qabri haqqun wal ba'tha haqqun wan nushura haqqun wassirata haqqun wal mizana haqqun wa tatayiral kutubi haqqun wa annal jannata haqqun wan-nara haqqun wa annas sa'ata a'tiyatun la rayba fiha wa annallaha yab'athu man fil qubur. Then the following words
should be said: Afahimta ya ....
(here the name of the dead person should be called) and thereafter
the following should be said: Thabbatakallahu bil qawlith thabit wa hadakallahu ila siratim mustaqim 'arrafallahu baynaka wa bayna awliya'ika fi mustaqarrim min rahmatih. Then the following words should be uttered: Alla humma jafil arza 'an jambayhi vas'ad biruhihi ilayka wa laqqihi minka burhana Alla humma 'afwaka 'afwaka.
After burial Talqin is
recited once more over the grave.
Surah Al-Qadr is
recited seven times over the grave after the burial and a short dua
of Maghferat for the deceased is also offered.
Ghusl for touching
a dead body (Mase Mayyit):
If a person touches any part of a dead body including
bone but not hair of a human being which has become overall cold and
has yet not been given complete Ghusl-e- mayyit either
consciously or unconsciously, voluntarily or involuntarily while a
sleep or awake, with any part of his body including nail, he should
do GHUSLE MASE MAYYIT (GHUSL FOR TOUCHING A DEAD BODY).
Therefore, those who performed Ghusl-e-Mayyit for
the deseased person, h
aving touched the body
before three ghusls were completed shall
have to do GHUSLE MASE MAYYIT. They cannot say their prayers or similar
acts of worhip till they have done the Ghusl.
Salaat-ul-Wahshat:
This the namaaz prayed usually
on the first night of the burial between Magrib and Isha prayers for the peace of the departed soul. It consist
of two raakaats as follows:
a) In
the first rakaat recite Ayatal Kursi
after Sura Al Hamd
b) In
the second rakaat recite
ten times Sura Al-Qadr
after Sura Al-Hamd
c)
After the prayers recite Dua for the pardon and peace of the departed
soul.
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